The Impact of Television on American Society Essay

The Impact of Television on American Society What role does television play in society? For decades we have seen many parts of our world rapidly going through changes in technology. Today’s society has been transformed by means of communication and the available information through mass media. Most Americans rely on television for news, sports, and entertainment. Television is just one of the many examples of how technology has changed our lives. Since the invention of the television in the early 1900’s, it has played a very important role in our lives. Having a television set in the home has become very essential in today’s society. We depend on it to entertain us with its sitcoms and to inform us about current world issues. The†¦show more content†¦Another way television misleads its viewers is by the way that they present candidates for an election of politicians. They spend all their time and money trying to put together a commercial that only puts down the other candidate. How are voters supposed to know whom to vote for if all they are presented with is negative ideas about each candidate? Television also tries to persuade us to vote for a certain proposition. Voters are also lured into voting for or against a proposition by listening to the music being played in the background of the commercial. An example of this type of situation may be the campaign on proposition 5 dealing with the Indian Casinos. They play sad, and convincing, music in the background of their commercial so the viewers can soften their hearts and vote â€Å"yes† on their proposition. Television is powerful enough to make our shopping easier. Actually, it is making us lazier. TV stations such as the Home Shopping Network make shopping as easy as dialing some numbers on a touch tone phone. People are also convinced to buy a certain product because a celebrity is presenting it. For example: if supermodel Cindy Crawford presents make-up, ladies will buy it and wear it because they believe th at it will make them look like her. As a television viewer myself, I believe that television has us all trapped in a world where we believe everything that is being said. AsShow MoreRelatedThe Impact Of Television On Society1614 Words   |  7 PagesSince the 1950s, television has had a tremendous impact on American society. We have come to depend on it for many reasons including entertainment, learning, and even background noise. Television has many positive benefits to offer as well as a lot of negative implications. Americans have also witnessed historical events on national television that has affected them in one way or another. In many ways, television shapes American values and also reflects these values as well. Televison also providesRead MoreInfluence Of Mass Media885 Words   |  4 PagesMass Media: Development and Literacy Alicia Nunez HUM/186 Media Influences on American Culture 8/21/2017 Allyson Wells Mass Media: Development and Literacy In the last century mass media has went from paper to digital, these major developments have influenced American culture in many ways. Newspapers have been around from the beginning they provide readers with information of practical value such as; television schedules, weather maps, and listings of stock prices. In addition newspapersRead More Television and Its Imapact on Society Essay1442 Words   |  6 PagesTelevision and Its Imapact on Society Introduction Vladimir Kosma Zworykin created a rudimentary versionof the television in 1924; however, the first realistically working television was made possible by Philo Taylor Farnsworth in the 1940s. 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For example, when we see something good happen to others around us we tend to be in a happier mood and when something tragic happens to our country, such as what happened in 9/11, we can’t help but mourn. We never notice how the small things in life could influence us in big ways. We never would notice that things like modern media, such as television, ads, and the internet would impact us in waysRead MoreThe Truman Show By Peter Weir Essay1236 Words   |  5 Pagesportrayed a grand metaphor for American culture in the 90’s. The movie’s message to us is that we are stuck in a media landscape full of fantasies that is catered to the interests of more powerful people. I f we want to live an authentic life and be free, we should put distance between ourselves and the comfort that is our media filled culture. We have to leave the safety that is the media’s grasp and be willing to live in the world the way it actually is. In the 1990’s, television culture in particular was

Workplace Bullying And Its Effects On Professional Status,...

Workplace Bullying David Kryger Bus 600 Management James Zeigler April 23, 2015 Abstract Workplace bullying is type of pervasive practice that an employee experiences from individuals who seeks out supremacy. Bullying can involve verbal, nonverbal, physical abuse and humiliation. This abuse can affect businesses with inefficient way of working that is both costly and preventable (Wiedmar, 2011, p. 35). There are many types of workplace bullying: threats to professional status, personal standing, isolation, overwork and destabilization (Baack, 2012). Some conflict can be face-to-face confrontations in which is the most visible and needs to be handle swiftly. Another form of conflict can involve different types of messaging or social network. I will discuss both the impact on the employee and organizations that’s involved with workplace bullying. I will then discuss a time that I was involved in a situation in which I was a victim of workplace bullying. There are steps that need to be taking when workplace bullying is occurring. At the end leadership and e nvironment must create formula for stopping workplace bullying (Wiedmer, 2011, p. 35). I always thought of bullying occurring in school and community. Some people had school and neighborhood bully who wanted their lunch money or to do their homework. Growing up I was never a victim of bullying. I never really thought about workplace bullying until it happen to me. Workplace bullying happens everyShow MoreRelatedWorkplace Bullying : Costly And Preventable859 Words   |  4 PagesWorkplace bullying is a very serious act that has a negative impact on individuals and the organization as a whole. Baack (2012), describes workplace bullying as an interpersonal conflict that is a repeated mistreatment of one or more persons (ch.7, p.19). Unfortunately, despite workplace bullying being so harmful, it is often a common occurrence. In the article, Workplace Bullying: Costly and Preventable, Wiedmer (2010), cites a survey conducted in 2007 by the Workplace Bullying Institute-Zogby;Read MoreOrganisational Theory230255 Words   |  922 Pagesoutcomes. These learning outcome s provide a guide to the different sections of the chapter. Stop and think Each of the chapters contains ‘stop and think’ boxes. These are designed to form the basis for brief discussion amongst group members or for personal reflection on some key issue raised in the text. Case studies These are designed to enable the reader to relate theoretical issues to organization practice, or to give a practical organizational example. Ideas and perspectives These are designed

Kaufmann manufacturing company free essay sample

Ms. Mary Kaufmann, president and sole owner of Kaufmann Manufacturing Company (a manufacturer of a single, specialized, industrial product), had just received the financial results of her company for the second six months of 1992. At first, she was pleased by what she observed. However, when she compared these results to those of the first six months of 1992 and the budgets she had originally cast for the two six-month periods (see Exhibits 1, 2 and 3), she became confused. Ms. Kaufmann could not understand why profits had increased so dramatically in the second half of the year, even though actual sales volume had fallen to 188,000 units. She thought that a part of the improved profit could be attributed to the $3 selling price increase which she had authorized effective July 1, 1992; however, she did not believe its effect would be so dramatic. She thought that another part of the profit increase could be attributed to control of production costs, yet when she examined the manufacturing statements (Exhibit 3) she observed that production showed an overall unfavorable variance of $217,000 for the second six months of 1992 as compared to an overall favorable variance of $124,000 for the first six months of 1992. In order to gain an understanding of these confusing results, Ms. Kaufmann decided to meet with her sales manager, Sandy Stevens, and her production manager Carlos Chavez. She would have liked to have had her treasurer-controller, Kenneth Page, at the meeting, but Mr. Page was in New Orleans completing the financing arrangements for Kaufmanns planned expansion into the South. The following excerpts are from the January 15, 1993 meeting between Kaufmann, Stevens, and Chavez. Mary Kaufmann: Sandy, it looks like your idea to raise our price from $90 to $93 during the second half of the year really came through. We lost volume, just as you predicted, but we sure gave a boost to our income statement, also as you predicted. have you looked into your crystal ball for this year? Do we hold the line at $93 or should we risk another slight price increase? Sandy Stevens: Well, Mary I think our pricing strategy for this year is really going to depend on how well Carlos can control his costs. From the statements youve shown me (referring to Exhibits 1 through 3) it would appear as though we could have done even better in the second half if it had not been for $217,000 in unfavorable variances chalked up by production. Carlos Chavez: (Interrupting) Now hold on Sandy. Your neat little pricing strategy and its resulting decrease in volume raised havoc with our production scheduling. As you recall in our last meeting in July, Mary chewed me out for not meeting our normal production goal and for running down our inventories during the first six months of the year. So I go all out to meet—in fact, exceed— Professor Julie H. Hertenstein of Northeastern University prepared this case as the basis for class discussion rather than to illustrate either effective or ineffective handling of an administrative situation. It is based on an earlier case prepared by Professor Norman J. Bartczak. Copyright  © 1993 by the President and Fellows of Harvard College. To order copies, call (617) 495-6117 or write the Publishing Division, Harvard Business School, Boston, MA 02163. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, used in a spreadsheet, or transmitted in any form or by any means— electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise—without the permission of Harvard Business School. 1 This document is authorized for use only by YIMING ZHAO in Managerial Accounting taught by Hai Lu from January 2014 to May 2014. For the exclusive use of Y. ZHAO 193-159 Kaufmann Manufacturing Company (A) normal production in the second half and all I get is grief. These variances (referring to the variances in Exhibit 3) are not my fault! They are simply due to your generating only 188,000 in unit sales. Ive kept things in line; in fact, Ive improved my performance over the first six months. Mary Kaufmann: I sure cant tell it from these figures, Carlos. Exactly what did you do to improve your performance? Carlos Chavez: Let me give you some general examples. Heres a copy for each of you of the standard cost sheet (Exhibit 4) which Ken Page worked up at the beginning of 1992. As you know, Ken worked for quite some time establishing the standards, and at our budget review meeting in December 1991 we all agreed that they seemed reasonable. I remember that we had some trouble with understanding how the fixed costs were to be allocated to our production for 1992, but Ken convinced us that something called full absorption costing on the basis of a normal production level would ensure that we cover all of our costs. Anyway, Ive tried to adhere to these standards as much as possible, but Ken said we could expect some variances simply because volume might be up or down from normal. He also said that it was likely that these variances would wash out by year end. Mary Kaufmann: (Interrupting) This standard cost sheet is very interesting Carlos, and I do remember approving it, but I dont see how it shows that youve improved your performance. Carlos Chavez: Sorry, Mary, I was getting to that. As I mentioned, Ken said that by year end some of the variances would wash out, and as you can see from the manufacturing statements (Exhibit 3), the net variance for the year is only $93,000 over budget. Why thats less than 1% of our original budget! Also, as you can see from the manufacturing statement, Ive beefed up our supervision back to its normal level, and I hope to see improvement in the next six months. In fact, my supervisors told me they felt they had done a good job in the second half of the year. Mary Kaufmann: The figures (pointing at Exhibit 3) sure dont show it! It looks as though your purchasing agent has been slack, your laborers inefficient, and your supervisors have tried to cover up their mistakes by cutting maintenance! Carlos Chavez: Give me a little time to develop some reports to explain the difference between expected and actual profitability in the first six month and the second six months of 1992. Questions 1. Compare and evaluate the profit and manufacturing performance of Kaufmann Manufacturing Company for the first and second six months of 1992. Write a memo to Ms. Kaufmann summarizing your analysis. 2. During the first half of 1992, Kaufmann Manufacturing Company just about broke even on sales of 212,000 units. In comparison, during the second half of 1992, when sales were 188,000 units, operating income was $1,619,800. Briefly explain this apparent inconsistency. 2 This document is authorized for use only by YIMING ZHAO in Managerial Accounting taught by Hai Lu from January 2014 to May 2014. For the exclusive use of Y. ZHAO Kaufmann Manufacturing Company (A) Exhibit 1 193-159 Comparative Income Statements (thousands of dollars) Original Budget for First Six Months of 1992 Sales Cost of goods solda aAll Original Budget for Second Six Months of 1992 Second Six Months Actual $18,000. 00 14,940. 00 $19,080. 00 16,608. 80 $18,000. 00 14,940. 00 $17,484. 00 13,364. 20 3,060. 00 2,500. 00 2,471. 20 2,500. 00 3,060. 00 2,500. 00 4,119. 80 2,500. 00 560. 00 $ 1,619. 80 Gross margin Selling and administrative expenses Operating incomeb First Six Months Actual $ 560. 00 $ (28. 80) $ manufacturing variances are closed out to cost of goods sold on a semi-annual basis. need not be considered. bTaxes Exhibit 2 Sales, Production, and Inventory Statistics First Six Months, 1992 Second Six Months, 1992 Sales forecast Actual sales 200,000 units 212,000 units 200,000 units 188,000 units Normal production Actual production 200,000 units 188,000 units 200,000 units 212,000 units Raw materials, inventory, beginning of period 0 0 Finished goods inventory, beginning of period 100,000 units at $74. 70 standard cost per unit 76,000 units at $74. 70 standard cost per unit Raw materials purchased and used in production 590,000 lbs. 600,000 lbs. Direct labor hours used in production 400,000 hours 425,000 hours 3 This document is authorized for use only by YIMING ZHAO in Managerial Accounting taught by Hai Lu from January 2014 to May 2014. For the exclusive use of Y. ZHAO 193-159 Exhibit 3 Kaufmann Manufacturing Company (A) Comparative Manufacturing Statements (thousands of dollars) Original Budget for First Six Months of 1992 Raw materials Direct labor Factory overhead: Indirect labor Supplies Power Maintenance Supervision Depreciation Insurance First Six Months Actual Variance Original Budget for Second Six Months of 1992 Second Six Months Actual Variance $ 2,400 4,400 $ 2,281 4,400 $119F $ 2,400 4,400 $ 2,432 4,813 $ 32U 413U 1,080 70 1,200 2,050 1,930 1,460 350 1,080 70 1,200 2,172 1,800 1,460 353 122U 130F 3U 1,080 70 1,200 2,050 1,930 1,460 350 1,143 76 1,274 1,676 1,930 1,460 353 63U 6U 74U 374F 3U $14,940 $14,816 124F $14,940 $15,157 217U Note: F = favorable; U = unfavorable. Exhibit 4 months) Standard Cost Sheet (based on normal production volume of 200,000 units every six Cost Per Unit Raw material (3 lbs. of material to complete one unit; @ $4. 00 per lb. ) Direct labor (2 hours to complete one unit; @ $11. 00 per hour) $12. 00 22. 00 Factory overhead: (all allocated on the basis of units of production) Variable costs: Indirect labor Supplies Power 5. 40 .35 6. 00 Fixed costs: Maintenance Supervision Depreciation Insurance 10. 25 9. 65 7. 30 1. 75 Total standard production cost per unit

Health Professional Essential

Questions: Diabetes mellitus is a major world health problem. Treatment and management of diabetics is a very significant issue for governments, society and both pharmacists and pharmaceutical companies. Completing this assignment will help you to gain a deeper understanding of diabetes mellitus. The length of this assignment excluding graphs, figure legends and references should be no more than 1000 words. The % of marks allocated to each section is a guide to the word length for that section. Where appropriate references should be included using the Harvard System cited appropriately in the text with correct formatting in the reference list. As a guide a minimum of 4 but no more than about 12 references should be used. You are advised to use references from both primary and secondary sources. Assignments should be typed and submitted using learnonline via the Course Website. Graphs must be thoughtfully incorporated into the text.Due date/time is 6:00pm 9th June. 1. Why is the disease given the name diabetes mellitus? How does diabetes mellitus differ from diabetes insipidus? 2. Individuals with the diabetes mellitus are classified into two main groups. What are they and what is the basis of the classification system used? 3. How are patients diagnosed as diabetics? What treatment options are most used to manage this condition? 4. What changes in the metabolism of glucose and fat (triglycerides) are observed in this disease? What symptoms might a diabetic show as a result of these metabolic changes and why do these occur? 5. Two overnight fasting patients, A B, were each given a dose of 75g of glucose at time zero. Their blood glucose levels were measured at 0, 30, 60, 90, 120 and 240 minutes after ingestion of the glucose using a glucose specific assay. The brief procedure for this assay is:- a. Add 5.0 ml of assay reagent to sufficient tubes for the assay b. Add 0. 1 ml of each glucose standard to a tube of assay reagent c. Add 0. 1 ml of each test serum to a tube of assay reagent. d. Mix the contents of each tube and read the absorbance at 625 nm. The results obtained are shown in the two tables below. Table 1 - standards Glucose standard (mmol/L) Absorbance @ 625 nm 0 0.02 3 0.21 6 0.43 9 0.65 12 0.83 Table 2 patient results Time (min) Absorbance-Patient A Absorbance-Patient B 0 0.26 0.47 30 0.51 0.63 60 0.25 0.82 90 0.23 0.81 120 0.24 0.71 240 0.30 0.68 Plot a standard graph of absorbance at 625 nm against glucose concentration You must use Excel. Determine the concentration of glucose in each patient serum sample and plot glucose concentration against the time over which the samples were obtained.Comment on the results for the two patients 6. What potential long term problems would a pharmacist need to be aware of when advising a diabetic client? Answers: (1). Diabetes is a common metabolic disorder that is affecting people from the time of 1500 BCE. Diabetes Miletus got its name derived from two Greek words diabetes from siphon means that is to pass through and mellitus from honeyed (Tattersall, 2010). The DM and DI belong to the same category of metabolic disorder but are very different from each other. The difference is shown in table below Diabetes mellitus Diabetes insipidus Urine flow is high and diluted Urine flow is normal but concentrated No glucose in urine High glucose in urine Rise in blood cholesterol No such rise in cholesterol Ketogenesis occurs No ketogenesis Increase in appetite No increase in appetite Imbalance of insulin Imbalance of ADH Table 1: Comparison on diabetes mellitus and diabetes insipidus (2). The diabetes mellitus is classified on the basis of peculiar characteristics classification system and is classfied in two types Diabetes mellitus type -1 and diabetes mellitus type -2. The individual with Type- 1 DM show absence of insulin hormone in the body due to pancreatic failure because beta cells in pancreas stop functioning whereas individual with Type 2 DM have sufficient insulin present in body but there is insulin resistance development in the body leading to improper functioning of glucose metabolism (Patient, 2016). (3). Diagnosis of diabetes mellitus The determination of blood glucose level forms the baseline for diagnosis of the diabetic condition. There are different test employed to detect the presence of diabetes that is described below Oral glucose tolerance examination (OGTT) This diagnosis is generally applied to identify the defect in sugar metabolism process in the body. This test is helpful to determine pre-diabetes condition, insulin resistance and reactive hypoglycaemia. The test is performed in two stages that are fasting glucose value and post two-hour glucose value. The OGTT results showing positive diabetic condition are described below: - OGTT test Normal level Diabetic level Fasting glucose value 6 mmol/L Above 7 mmol/L Post 2-hour glucose value 7.8 mmol/L Above 11.0 mmol/L Table 2: Oral glucose tolerance examination (OGTT) Treatment of diabetes mellitus There are more than eight classes of diabetic drugs that contain more than 50 medications performing function to control diabetes. Some of the most successful drug treatments are Insulatard, Metformin, Sulfonylureas, alpha-glucosidase inhibitors etc. (McPhee and Papadakis, 2010). Further, direct insulin hormone is the workable treatment to control the type-1 as well as type-2 (pills or insulin shots) DM condition. Some of the most successful CAM used to manage diabetes is aromatherapy, Chinese medicine acupuncture, biofeedback, dietary supplements, reflexology etc. (Lorig et al. 2010). (4). DM effect on glucose metabolism Insulin hormone mediates the blood glucose conversion in stored form of fat in the liver. In DM conditions either insulin is absent or body develops insulin resistance, therefore, a condition of hyperglycaemia (high blood glucose) occurs due to low insulin, increased glucose production or decreased glucose utilisation. Further, the uptake of glucose by cells is also affected due to the absence of insulin. The glucose phosphorylation helps in cellular glucose uptake from blood but in the absence of insulin non-hepatic glucose utilisation minimises the glucose uptake showing an imbalance in glucose metabolic process leading to hyperglycaemia. DM effect on fat metabolism The formation of glycogen (triglycerides) from glucose requires insulin as a mediating hormone. But, in DM condition insulin is not in proper state of activity leading to no glycogen storage in the liver and hyper glycerides in the blood indicating fat metabolism defect leading to the formation of hypertriglyceridemia in the body. The adipose as well as skeletal cells stop taking glucose from the blood in the insulin absence due to the disturbance in glucose transport proteins required for glucose uptake by cells. This protein gets disturbed because it requires insulin as a mediator for its formation. Hence, in this manner condition of diabetes disturbs the fat metabolism in the body (Staff.ncl.ac.uk, 2016). Symptoms of diabetes due to metabolic changes The most common symptoms of type-1 diabetes are increasing thirst, Excessive urination, dizziness and tiredness, loss of muscular bulk and weight, itching in the vaginal zone, nausea and vomiting as well as loss of appetite. Further, the symptoms arising due to metabolic changes in Type-2 diabetes are tiredness and dizziness specifically after meals, random hungry feelings (polyphagia), more often urination than normal (polyuria) and sudden weight loss (Diabetes.co.uk, 2016). These symptoms occur due to high glucose concentration in the blood that is not been used as body fuel gets collected in blood. In the process of the body trying to reduce glucose concentration flushes excessive glucose out of the body in the form of urine creating urination imbalance. Further, as body is not getting enough energy because glucose is not getting converted to energy form results in excessive hunger, polyphagia, tiredness etc. symptoms in diabetes. In the absence of insulin, the body glucose is not getting stored in the form of glycogen leads to weight loss, muscle and appetite loss. Further, itching in the vaginal region occurs due to excessive sugar in the urinal secretion as a form of reaction (McPhee and Papadakis, 2010). (5). Standard graphGraph: Standard graph on glucose concentration absorbance at 625 nm Comparing the glucose concentration of Patient A and B Time (min) Glucose concentration Patient - A Glucose concentration Patient- B 0 3.71 6.71 30 7.23 9 60 3.57 11.7 90 3.28 11.5 120 3.42 10.1 240 4.28 9.71 Graph 2: Graph comparing the glucose concentrations of Patient A and B Results As per above provided data on glucose concentrations of patient-A and B it is clear that Patient-B is suffering from diabetes because the glucose concentration is very high when compared with standard whereas patient-A shows normal glucose concentrations hence the absence of diabetes. (6). When providing advice to a diabetic client the long-term problems that require the attention of therapist, as well as the patient, is high risk for cardiovascular diseases, heart attack risk, and blood vessels damages. There is also high risk for eye diseases like retinopathy, oedema, and cataract in diabetes. Further, kidney damages is another long-term risk due to ketogenesis in type-1 DM. alongside there are conditions like skin diseases, gum diseases and mental diseases common long-term risk factor for diabetes. The diabetic patient develops a high risk of cardiovascular diseases that commonly involves stroke, heart attack and heart valve failure as the blood becomes condensed due to high sugar level (Lorig et al. 2010). Along with long-term risk diseases, there are certain long-term conditions that develop as a result of diabetes that is blurred vision, weight loss and weakness that a pharmacist need to keep in mind when advising diabetic patient (Staff.ncl.ac.uk, 2016). References Books Alwan, A., 2011.Global status report on non-communicable diseases 2010. World Health Organization. McPhee, S.J. and Papadakis, M.A. eds., 2010.Current Medical Diagnosis Treatment 2012. New York:: McGraw-Hill Medical. Journals Lorig, K., Ritter, P.L., Laurent, D.D., Plant, K., Green, M., Jernigan, V.B.B. and Case, S., 2010. Online diabetes self-management program A randomized study.Diabetes care,33(6), pp.1275-1281. Tattersall, R.B., 2010. The history of diabetes mellitus.Textbook of Diabetes, Fourth Edition, pp.1-23. Wajchenberg, B.L., 2010. Clinical approaches to preserve -cell function in diabetes. InThe Islets of Langerhans(pp. 515-535). Springer Netherlands.

How the First Four Commandments Separate the Jews from the Pagan World

A Room with a View Close Contextual Analysis Essay Example

A Room with a View Close Contextual Analysis Essay Example A Room with a View Close Contextual Analysis Paper A Room with a View Close Contextual Analysis Paper ‘A Room with a View’ – Close textual Analysis p. 105-107 Throughout the whole of the novel the theme of light and dark is constantly reoccurring and is openly present within this extract: ‘thinking of the old man who had enabled her to see the lights dancing in the Arno’, this metaphor gives the reader an insight to how Lucy is desperate for the freedom of her own independence which the lights clearly symbolise. The passage begins with ‘‘The Curtains parted. ’’ This gives the reader an impression of a theatrical entrance, to then introduce Cecil appears to the reader as somewhat of a disappointment; ‘‘Cecil’s first movement was one of irritation. ’’ It is symbolic as this idea of parting the curtains draws in on the continuous contrasting theme of Lucy’s fight with restriction and her will for freedom. As the curtains part Lucy is being exposed to more of the freedom she is so desperate to gain. Cecil’s action ‘‘of irritation’’ is not in correlation with the previous images of independence and liberty. ‘Irritation’ implies to the reader that Cecil is not comfortable almost awkward in his current situation and acting ill-tempered, which shows immediately to the reader how opposite Lucy and Cecil are for one another and how ill-fitting a marriage between them would be. The idea of Cecil ‘‘parting the curtains’’ subsequently becomes ironic as his own actions associate him with darkness rather than with the light that we as the reader attach Lucy to. Previously in the novel there are other references to windows in a similar context; ‘Come away from the window, dear’, Showing Miss Bartlett’s concern and restraint of Lucy becoming exposed to the freedom she desires. The next passage starts ‘ Light entered. ’ showing instantaneously a new positive outlook. Giving a beautiful, elegant description of a ‘terrace, with trees each side of it, and on it a little rustic seat and two flower beds†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ Forster lulls you into a false sense of optimism, ‘Lucy, who was in the little seat, seemed on the edge of a green magic carpet which hovered†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ This reminds the reader of Lucy’s purity and innocence using the fairy tale symbolism ‘‘of a green magic carpet’’. The whole metaphor of Lucy is cleverly constructed illustrating the idea of Lucy ‘hovering’ and ‘on the edge’ as to show her half way between her own personal discovery and the iddle class society that is so desperate to keep drawing her back in. In contrast the reader discovers that throughout the novel whenever Cecil appears dreams dissolve and reality is re-established; ‘†¦hovered in the air above the tremulous world. Cecil entered. ’ All imagination is lost. All the beauty and el egance of the paragraph is destroyed by this simple, blunt statement. Once more you see Cecil is portrayed in a negative sense, reserved, bold in some way starched, too conventional, the complete opposite of what Lucy wants making the idea of an engagement between them seem inconceivable. Even a simple embrace is an arduous task for him, he feels compelled to follow convention and displays a complete lack of spontaneity and passion; ‘Up to now I have never kissed you†¦Then I ask you – may I now? ’ Although in a different context, Cecil is still capable with little effort to ruin a perfectly romantic moment. Forster shows Cecil’s belief of his own self-importance clearly with his introduction along with his high position within society in the novel, ‘Cecil must at once be described. Comparing Cecil to a ‘Gothic statue’ gives an impression of power but a cold exterior. His character is a complete contradiction to that of Lucy’s. ‘He was medieval’, yet she is trying so hard to progress forward in time. ‘Medieval’ suggests that he is welded to tradition and very conservative which would hold her back, keeping Lucy away from her ‘view’. As the description of Cecil continues he becomes more pompous, ‘And a head that was tilted a little higher than the usual level of vision’, creates an image that Cecil calculates his self worth to be much higher than most. Cecil’s character is very dissimilar to that of George. He is depicted as free-thinking, ‘He stepped quickly forward and kissed her’, tolerant and willing to admit to his human failings; ‘I nearly fainted myself’, This illustrates to the reader that George Emerson is clearly a better choice for Lucy in comparison to Cecil who would only be keeping Lucy from the freedom she is so desperately in need of. The incessant medieval metaphoric descriptions of Cecil become an anomaly against the image of the renaissance. Comparing the images of ‘the gothic statue which implies celibacy’ and ‘the Greek statue which implies fruition’ is a hidden way of contrasting Cecil and George Emerson. ‘The end of the middles ages’, Forster cleverly uses historical imagery to give a sense of how society moves forward. Within Lucy’s current society she has moved on from medieval tradition as depicted by Cecil’s stereotypical middle class character. Lucy’s social circle could not create a finer choice than Cecil as he fits the marital ideal, but Lucy is not society and to the reader the only acceptable choice for her is George Emerson. Mrs Honeychurch enters the scene appearing excitable and seeming to over-act her interest, ‘Oh Cecil, Oh Cecil, do tell me’. This does not seem typical of Mrs Honeychurch’s general conduct; she has previously come across very differently regularly criticising her son Freddy; ‘Why shouldn’t my permission be asked? What do you know about Lucy or girls or anything? ’ However with Cecil she completely lets her guard down because she is trying so desperately to make him feel ‘as one of the family’. This is ironic as she does not treat her own son in this manner. She seems genuinely thrilled by the idea of her only daughter marrying a man of such high standard within society. Love and romance was not included in the idea of a good marriage, money and status were the key factors. Any possible romance that may have been associated with the idea of Cecil’s and Lucy’s engagement disappears when Cecil answers, ‘She has accepted me’. His answer is completely monosyllabic and he does not remotely seem overjoyed by her acceptance, maybe slightly content but that’s all the emotion you can find in his response. Cecil regularly answers or asks questions in a similar tone, like the staged kiss between him and Lucy where he asks ‘then I ask you – may I now? ’ Where in both situations the encounters seems awkward which are reinforced by his actions, ‘shifting his eyes to the ceiling’, obviously uncomfortable with the situation. Cecil is an authority figure but this is not how you would expect him to be with his fiance. He acts very causally in comparison to what people stereotype the enouncement of an engagement to be, ‘‘I say Lucy! Called Cecil, for conversation seemed to flag. ’’ This is very ironic that Lucy is hardly involved in this scene yet it’s her engagement that’s being enounced something that will charge the pattern of her life entirely yet she is completely uninvolved. He commands Lucy not asks her, ‘Would you take them into the garden and tell Mrs Honeychurch all about it? His tone comes across very patronising and not respectful at all. Cecil acts as though he is dismissing a child rather than asking his fiance a question. ‘I shall have our children educated just like Lucy. Bring them up among honest country folk, send them to Italy for subtlety, and then – not till then – let them come to London. ’ His patronising tone is constant, he talks as if she is not in the room and as though she no right to an opinion of her own, even on such an important matter as her children. ‘As if taking orders’, Forster makes this clear showing his control complex to be unhealthy it is not free or liberating. Although Lucy’s life would be different in marriage to Cecil, in reality it would only be another type of enclosure. The last line of the passage ‘They passed into the sunlight’ reengages the idea of light. Creating the image of light falling when Lucy is distanced from Cecil, shows how Cecil will only contribute to the darker parts of her life and will not contribute to Lucy’s self discovery and liberty. This further highlights the mismatch between the two people. It clearly accentuates the reasons as to why she should not marry a man with these characteristics. These faults in a man would be the cause of her own self destruction and personal downfall.

Aviation security Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Aviation security - Essay Example It promotes the growth of business activities such as tourism and import and export of goods and services. The primary objective of policy document entails addressing the issues related to security threats in Alexandria International airport in order to improve security (Kirsch & Rockwell, paras.1-3). Security should be as a paramount issue by the management of the airport. The management should play a proactive role in addressing security matters. Cases of accidents should be properly investigated, as the industry regulators require it. These investigations should be carried out in a free and fair manner to build trust of the concerned parties. Alexandria International Airport should liaise with private investigators whose responsibility will be to verify the authenticity of investigative reports (Department of Transport, Pg. 8). The airport needs to invest in the modern state of art security apparatus that will help mitigate the number of accidents and terrorism activities. However, prudence must be applied in purchasing such equipment, and procurement procedures have to be strictly adhered to. Procurement procedures ensure that procuring entities get the value for their money when they purchase commodities. The functionality of the equipment is another vital element that should be put in place to ascertain whether they have been designed to control insecurity. It may also help to determine whether they can counter breaches in security. Their strategy is meant to ensure that the airport is well prepared to contain emerging security breaches in time (Department of Transport, Pg 10). A major issue of concern with the airline industry is on environmental pollution. The industry has been accused of being irresponsible in protecting the environment. Carbon levels released from the industry have been increased hence depleting the ozone layer. The trickle down effect has been an increase in the number of cancer cases caused by

Vaccination for Babies 0-6 Months Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Vaccination for Babies 0-6 Months - Essay Example I. Objectives:  I. Objectives:  The participants should be able to: A. Assess their own knowledge/insights, feelings, and apprehensions regarding vaccination of babies B. Verbalize the value of vaccination in the well-being of a child C. Prepare a vaccination schedule for their babies III. Lesson A. Nursing DiagnosisThe nurse will ask participants to form a group of three and discuss what they know and how they feel about vaccination for babies. These questions will lead to an assessment of participants’ knowledge and feelings about vaccination.Guide Questions:1. What is the purpose of vaccination?2. What advantages/disadvantages will it bring?  3. What types of vaccination do you know?4. Did all your grown-up children undergo vaccinations? What illness did they have so far?B. Methodology1. Thought Bubbles – The participants (in triads) will write down their answers on the thought bubbles (Fig. 1).2. Cooperative Learning – Participants will exchange knowled ge to come up with answers to the questions in the thought bubbles.3. Class Discussion – each group will present its thought bubbles to the class.   C. Teaching Aids1. Illustration board or A3 size bond paper for the thought bubbles2. Markers3. Computer with Internet connection4. LCD projector5. A4 bond paper for printing schedules6. Computer printer D. ProcedureThe participants will answer the thought bubbles and present it to class. This activity will help the nurse assess their knowledge and feelings on vaccinations.

Tikopia of Melanesia Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Tikopia of Melanesia - Research Paper Example CONCLUSION: A summary of key points 1.0 Introduction: Tikopia of Melanesia Tikopia of Melanesia is known to have gone through so many changes in society. The ‘Ticopia’ was an expression that the people of Solomon Islands used to make themselves distinctive from other people from neighboring islands, as a result forming the Tikopia community. From the past decade to the present, the communities’ culture remains unchanged, thus, portraying an interesting deal of information to be learnt about their way of life and work. Agriculture is their main means of subsistence, the tropical climate favoring the people to get good agricultural produce. They can be referred to as the emerging agriculturalists or horticulturalists. The Tikopia live on the island of Tikopia, which is in the Southwestern Pacific Ocean. From about half a century ago, the population of the Tikopia had grown dramatically, a factor that caused anxiety and concern among its leaders, there was the fear o f food shortages. As a result of this, they had to look for a solution on ways to control population growth. The community practiced some zero population measures which included warfare, sea voyaging and celibacy. These reduced their population and it is a good example of a reproduction policy (Nowak & Laid, 2010). This will form the basis of discussion in this paper. Thesis Statement: The Tikopia are a cultural group with unique kinship and reproductive practices aimed at promoting their idea of zero population growth and changes in the society so as to ensure survivability. 1.1 Subsistence Practices: The Tikopia of Melanesia practice precise techniques of agriculture. They are mainly Horticulturalists who rely on water from the sea for planting their main diet, however, on few cases they substitute fishing as part of their diet. The community is located near a sea that provides a wide variety of fish including shell fish. The Tikopia normally look for dried swamps and clear forest s, which usually provides them with trade routes and markets. The community does practice an intensive system of agriculture which has features of a perm-culture. The agricultural practices of the community depend on the density of the population, in the thick populated areas, some people practice fishing and pig rearing while others practice forest gardening. The foods that they grow include coconut, vegetables and yams which thrive best in the tropical environment, therefore, high yields of great quantity of foods are achieved. The access that the group has over empty land gives them control over a lot of resources. The Tikopia also incorporate technology into their subsistence practices. This is by practicing flood control, irrigation and terraces. In addition to this, technology has assisted the community in building roads, bridges and ports. Technology also allows the community to have control over their production and distribution (Nowak & Laird, 2010). Â  In the Tikopia soci ety, it is mostly men who do all the hard work such as building fences, clearing forests and planting processes. The women prepare food and take care of children. Both men and women play key roles in their society’s subsistence practices. The community uses redistribution and exchange of balanced reciprocals to ensure that their goods and services are transported. Balanced reciprocals exchange refers to an agreement where there is return of an item, which is equivalent to another item or one with a greater value. Redistribution refers to a tribute, an individual’

Paranoid Schizophrenia and Nursing Interventions

Paranoid Schizophrenia and Nursing Interventions Paranoid Schizophrenia and Nursing Interventions in a Community Mental Health setting Schizophrenia is a severe mental illness in which individuals loose the ability to discriminate between reality and imagination, characterized by disturbances to their thoughts, behavior and feelings. About 1% of the population is predicted to suffer from schizophrenia at some point in their life (www.rethink.org), with experience of psychotic episodes such as those of schizophrenia ranging in their duration of a single crisis, to the chronic experience of schizophrenia over a life time. During episodes of schizophrenia, patients will experience a range of what is know as positive and negative symptoms associated with the condition. Positive symptoms include delusions and hallucinations and unusual or irrational behavior (often as a result of the hallucinations and delusions). Delusions can be defined as strange thoughts or beliefs which are not founded in reality, some examples include delusions of grandeur (such as believing oneself to be the next messiah) and delusions of persecution (as in being secretly watched / followed by the police or secret service). Hallucinations are when you see (visual) hear (auditory) or smell (olfactory) things that others cannot. One of the most well known symptoms of schizophrenia is that of ‘hearing voices’. People may also experience thought disturbances such as ‘thought jumping’ (going from one line of thought to another in rapid succession) poor concentration and attention abilities (www.mind.org.uk). Negative symptoms are those which in some way take away from the individual – such as anhedonia (not getting pleasure out of activities which were previously pleasurable) and social withdrawal from social situations and a lack of interest in personal hygiene (such as not washing or changing clothes). Treatment of individuals with schizophrenia can be in hospital (forced through section or voluntarily in some cases) and in community settings, and should involve a mixture of pharmacological treatment (typical and atypical antipsychotic medications) and psychological therapies such as cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) in order to manage current symptoms, and in preventing and minimizing future relapse and crises. Nursing of individuals with a severe mental illness such as schizophrenia within a community setting (e.g. after discharge from hospital or when patients not under section and do not want to go to hospital) will be conducted by a community psychiatric nurse (CPN) who will often be working within a community mental health team (CMHT) from a care programme approach. The role of the CPN has diversified over recent years, and is now often nominated within the CMHT to act as the individuals’ key worker (i.e. who the patient will have most contact with in the CMHT). CPN’s can be seen to be involved in patient care interventions in a number of capacities. The most predominant (and traditional) intervention role of the CPN may be seen in the medication management of people with schizophrenia. Typical (haloperidol) and atypical (aripiprazole, olanzapine etc) antipsychotic medication use now mean that around 70% of patients will experience some degree of relief to their psychotic symptoms (McCann, 2001). However relief is most often not absolute and the majority of patients will experience some form of side effects. In typical (older generation drugs) this is often in terms of extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS) such as movement disorders like Tardive Dyskinsia, and although newer atypical drugs are renowned for less EPS, side effects can include weight gain, sexual dysfunction and sedation. CPN’s are therefore an important contact with the patient in ensuring that they are taking their medication correctly, and in identifying patients who may be experiencing high levels of side effects who as a result are at a high risk of discontinuin g their medications. By identifying such individuals, relapse can be minimized by helping the patient to engage with clinical services to investigate other medication options of which there are a good number. ‘Switching’ is a term used by professionals to define this process and it is not unusual for patients to have to switch between medications a number of times, before finding the most appropriate drug / combination. Dosage required is also a very individual factor, and therefore an important aspect of medication management is to check to signs that dosage is high enough to enable clinical relief, but also low enough to minimize side effects. CPN’s are thus often in a position to recognize if their patients are not on high enough dosages. The way in which medication is administered will also differ between patients – some may be able to take their drugs orally, but a number of patients with schizophrenia are on a form of drug administration called depots. These are long-lasting injections of the antipsychotic, and are often used for patients who suffer severe episodes and those who have a history of non-compliance in taking their medication (Jackson-Koku, 2001). CPN’s may also act in helping people come to terms with the fact that they are suffering from an illness, as denial is common in those mental illnesses such as schizophrenia (Fung Fry, 1999), often referred to as lacking ‘insight’ into illness, and so discuss the need for taking their medications. Providing medication related information is therefore an important part of the medication interventions that nurses are involved with, and will often include discussions about side effects, recognizing early signs of illness and other conc erns the person may have. Nurses are however becoming increasingly involved in psycho-educational (Fung Fry, 1999) and psychological therapy (McCann, 2001) based interventions in their patient care within community settings for sufferers and their families. Such approaches have in the literature, been described as aiming at ‘increasing social functioning, decreasing distress, and reducing hospital admission rates’ (Tarrier Birchwood, 1995) These educational interventions are so targeted on helping to reduce distress in more drug-resistant cases, to help both sufferers and their family (Leff et al, 2001) deal with the illness and learn the signs of relapse and symptom return, and as mentioned above, in increasing medication compliance through better understanding and information. (McCann, 2001) Psychological therapies such as CBT and cognitive therapy (CT) have found recognized success in treating many mental illnesses including schizophrenia including when used within community settings (Morris on et al, 2004), as are aimed at helping people deal emotionally with their illness and its associated distress, but also to help on a practical level through promoting relapse prevention strategies and reducing ‘social disability’ (Fowler, Garety Kuipers, 1995) Coping techniques and strategies can also be discussed when CPN’s become aware and gain knowledge into what particular symptoms are causing people most distress. One example of this could be distraction techniques discussed with those who are having problems with auditory hallucinations; one method that is known for helping many people with this is to listen to music. CPN’s often also play an important counseling role to those they support (royal college of psychiatrists,1997). Acting as key workers for people with schizophrenia gives many CPN’s the opportunity to get to know the person, and so are in a position to use the discussions they have with their patients in an intervention capacity. Counseling may help in anxiety and distress reduction, but also will provide invaluable insight for the CPN into what the person is going through, how much they understand and whether they are doing well or becoming ill. All this information will play a crucial role in the assessment capacity that the CPN also performs within the care programme. CPN’s are thus seen to be involved in many aspects of people’s outpatient care in community settings. Especially involved in medication, information and more recently psychosocial and psychological interventions, nurses looking after people with schizophrenia within the community are central to the patients care programme, and act as an invaluable access into mental health services (McCann Clark, 2003) for community patients. References Fowler, Garety Kuipers, (1995) cited in McCann, E (2001) Recent developments in psychosocial interventions for people with psychosis Issues in Mental Health Nursing Vol.22,1 p99-107 Fung, C Fry, A (1999) The role of community mental health nurses in education of clients and families about schizophrenia Australian New Zealand Journal of Mental Health Nursing Vol. 8, 4 p162-175 Jackson-Koku, G (2001) Neuroleptics and chronic schizophrenia Mental Health Nursing Vol.21, 4 p10-14 Leff, J. Sharpley, M. Chisholm, D. Bell, R Gamble, C (2001) Training community psychiatric nurses in schizophrenia family work: A study of clinical and economic outcomes for patients and relatives Journal of Mental Health Vol. 10, 2 p 189-197 McCann, E (2001) Recent developments in psychosocial interventions for people with psychosis Issues in Mental Health Nursing Vol.22,1 p99-107 McCann, T Clark, E. (2003) A grounded theory study of the role that nursesplay in increasing clients’ willingness to access community mental health services International Journal of Mental Health Nursing Vol.12, 4 p279-288 Morrison, A. Renton, J. Williams, S. Dunn, H. Knight, A. Kreutz, M. Nothard,S. Patel, U Dunn, G (2004) Delivering cognitive therapy to people with psychosis in a community mental health setting: an effectiveness study Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica Vol,110, 1 p36-44 Tarrier Birchwood (1995) cited in McCann, E (2001) Recent developments in psychosocial interventions for people with psychosis Issues in Mental Health Nursing Vol.22,1 p99-107 Community Psychiatric Nursing Occasional PaperOP40 (1997) Royal College of Psychiatrists, London Internet resources www.rethink.org www.mind.org www.emental-health.com

The Other Lover Essay example -- essays research papers

The Other Lover In the Shakespearean sonnet, â€Å"The Sonnet-Ballad† by Gwendolyn Brooks, the speaker uses such techniques as: repetition, metaphors and personification to show how her relationship is doomed because of war. The poem shows how war can change a man who was once confident and unaffected by pain, into one who accepts death without a struggle.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In this sonnet, death is personified and shown as the speaker’s opponent in a struggle for her lover. Death is described as being coquettish and possessive. These attributes are used to describe death because they show how hard it would be to overcome this opponent. The descriptions show that death flirts with the man, in order to make him accept her. Once death has claimed him, the speaker can never have her lover back; he has been caught in death’s possessive arms. By giving these characteristics to death it is shown that, because of the war, the man is forced to court death instead of his lover. Once her lover has gone to war the speaker says, â€Å"Now I cannot guess what I can use an empty-heart-cup for.† This comparison shows how lost the woman is feeling now that she has realized she will probably never see her lover again. It describes how lonely she is, as well as the fact that she does not know how to deal with what she is feeling. Her heart was once full of love for the man, but now that he is gone, it is empty. The poet also compares death to a woman. She describes death as being coquettis...

Road Safety Measures

Introduction- Road Accident is collision between any vehicles (for example car, truck, motorcycle etsectra) or it can be with any pedestrian, animal or the hindrance placed in the middle of the road. The accident occurred could result in many injuries or damage to the property. There are various factors which come into account which can be the reason of accident that is design of the road, driver's impairment and vehicle design which can cause serious and most dangerous types of accidents. This essay is based on the prevention of car accidents on the roads mainly on the streets of Dubai.Defining the Problem- What is the Problem? – The provision of highways are resulting in convenience for the peoples but the main problem which is faced by the government of any country is that the more frequent road accidents which are happening on the highways which results in severe damage in form of man power or infrastructure and mainly it is happening in big cities like UAE or Dubai which are having large road transport. The problem is basically small which is to be handled very carefully by the government; they have taken many measures to stop these huge accidents.Whenever a road accident takes place there is various types of damage which takes place which could be in the form of human beings which is also a victim, infrastructure which is damage to the government and other administration damages which occurs during accident. There is heavy cost to all above types of damages which has to be paid during accident which increase the complication if every day there will hundreds of accidents across the country which would directly affect the economy of the country such as UAE.There is a cost which has to be paid by the victim's family which cause great problem financially, the property is damaged due to the accident which also affect government financially indirectly. There is also some administration cost which will undergo due to the accident. Reason- The main reason behind the accidents which occur so frequently on the roads of UAE is that inattention which is given during driving a car. There would probably lesser amount of accidents if proper attention and rules are followed during traveling. There could be reason related to weather which lso come into effect into the reason behind accident which is of course a natural reason, the fog which causes less appearance of on coming vehicles could result in accidents. The other main reason which can cause massive accident is consumption of alcohol during driving. There are some stats related to the car accidents in UAE- * Mostly 92% men are responsible for the death occurred during accident and only 8% women are responsible. * Accidents at night made up 45% of the total fatalities. * Private vehicles cause 1164 accidents taking a toll of 167 lives. The average ratio of death due to accident in UAE was 1 in every 28 hours. Cause of Accidents- There are four factors which are responsible for these ty pes of road car accidents which are- Equipment Failure- The failure of some equipment inside the machine working of a car resulting into serious car accident is known as Accident due to Equipment Failure. These could be of various types such as failing of break, bursting of tire, tread separations or the problem could occur in steering/suspension. Roadway Design- The accidents which occur due to the irregular design of roads are known as accidents due to Roadway Design.It could occur through hazardous visibility which consists of merging lanes, livestock or pedestrian crossings, crests and troughs etc. The accident also occurs due to the irregular surface of the roads which causes imbalance of the vehicle and results into collision with another vehicle or infrastructure. Poor Roadway Maintenance- Poor roadway maintenance also contributes to some of the car accidents. There could be debris in the way of the road which could create problems for the traveler which is responsibility of local highway department, faded road sign and potholes could be another cause for the major road accident.Driver Behavior- The main and foremost cause is driver's behavior other than three causes discussed above which constitutes only 5% of the cause of the road accidents and 95% depends on this one. Various surveys has been done in which there is a study which comes out to be that only 5% driver's committed their own mistake in the accident and a major of 80 % believe that the other driver should have done something to stop the accident to occur. Current Policy- There are various policies which has been started or being formed for the increasing road accidents on the roads of UAE.There is an immediate need for the adoption of government's policies which could change the face of the accidents in the positive manner. Recently there is a conference been held in Abu Dhabi which was 15th Road Safety conference of four continents under the patronage of the vice president and prime minist er of United Arab of Emirates, Sheikh Mohammed Bin Rashid AL Maktoum. This conference was mainly organized by National Transport Authority (NTA) and with collaboration with other groups such as GRPS, FERSI, TRB and many more.This was the first road safety conference which will going to follow United Nation Assembly resolution A/64/L. 44/Rev1 on safety of roads. The aim to conduct this conference was to follow the path being adopted by the UN assembly resolution and to support the declaration being done in Moscow to improve the safety measures on road. This conference was great platform for the government to adopt the measures which are being adopted and technical methods which are better than their methods could be adopted and being implemented to construct a safe world to live in which is free from ant accident.It was a great platform to debate for road safety issues and to discuss them and the measurement for the improvement of safety measures. There should be organization of futu re events and form a close relationship with transport institutions and the government authorities to work on the topic of road safety which can reduce the number of accidents which took place these days. The conclusion of this conference come out with the understanding that all the participants that is the countries or the nations which have participated in the conference will follow the guidance given by the United Nations on the road safety measures.There should be implementation of the strategic plan such as â€Å"Zero Vision† which is famous in some countries in Europe which should be encouraged by the United Arab of Emirates government as well as the agency under which this project will go should handle it with care. Government' s Reaction- The accidents which are taking place in the UAE region of Arab countries are getting out of the alarming situation so there is a need of taking protective measures by the government to enhance the education related to the safety adop tion during driving to avoid the risk of accident.There are various policies which have been introduced by the UAE government to ensure that there is less number of accidents in the country. There are various system introduced to control the accidents which takes place at the highway like introduction of fine system, black points and application like radars should be installed. So these systems should be discussed in detail to understand their uniqueness System of fine-There is an introduction of fine in various countries for the breaking of traffic rules to control the ongoing accident on the highways or on the street but the fine system which is applied in the United Arab Emirates region is somehow little harsh from other countries because of the diversified atmosphere of that country and the large amount of vehicles running daily from one destination to other. There are more than hundreds of offences which are made under the rule which involves handsome amount of money which is t o be given by the culprit if he/she found guilty of any one of them.There are some examples which could be given to show you how strict is the government of UAE * Not wearing seat belt there is a fine of 100 AED * If there is some change found in the fundamental of engine without permit then a fine of 400 AED * Driving a vehicle which is creating lots of pollution then there is a fine of 300 AED * Driving without number plate then there is fine of 200 AED * Overloading can charge an individual with 200 AED Driving a vehicle which is not having a license from license authority could be charged with a toll of 200 AED. So above points describing fine are some of the fines which have described here very shortly instead they are having a big list of them. The system is introduced with a purpose of reducing the irrelevant trafficking and reduction of accidents which are taking place in the country at the faster rate. Radar System- Various countries are adopting high tech facilities to con trol the rate of accidents which is touching the sky.There are technical gadgets which are available in the market which could detect the speed of a vehicle from few kilometers before which could help in controlling the speeds of the vehicle which is the main reason for the accidents. For example there is radar installed somewhere at the place on highway which used to keep track of the speed of ongoing vehicles and if found some vehicle is running at the speed which too high then the censors of radar will give the indication about it.This system and other various measures which have been initialized by the government have reduced the rate of accidents which were taking place earlier. You will be shocked through the stats that death due to road accidents in Dubai has fallen short by 27 percent in the first nine months of the last year which are the figures being given by the Road and Transport Authority (RTA). There has been loads of effort being given by the UAE ministry of Interior in making the roads safer for the pedestrians and the motorists. Black Points-This system is introduced basically in the UAE in which there are points given on the basis of breaking the rules or committing any mistakes during driving along with the fine being charged. These points collectively if crosses a standard limit which has been specified by the government could result into cancellation of the driving license or could be even worse than that by cancelling the license of the vehicle and taking the vehicle into their custody. So these were few measures which are being taken by the government of UAE at the superior level to prevail UAE as the Best Global cities in the world by 2015.There is a signing of memorandum between Road and Transport Authority (RTA) and the ministry to involve road safety in the top agenda and to increase improving the driving standards and the safety measures which are being took by the people. Alternative Policy- The policies which are been introduced by the government or some of them which are in the line are discussed in the above topics but the help or the measures which an individual could take has its own preferences. There are some policies which could be added in the list of the safety rules can help hem a lot to somehow decrease the accidents being taking place at the highway or on the streets. There should be launching of nation wide campaigns which could help in providing information regarding the road safety measures being adopted and to make people aware of the rules which are being introduced in the rule books. There are around 11551 injuries and simultaneous deaths on the streets of Dubai and there are 17 deaths which took place weekly in Dubai which is quite shocking with the stats.There are websites which conduct online test to test the knowledge of the road laws of the people which have another purpose also which is to make aware people about various laws and protective measures which they can take while driving. There should be formation of different associations which could take part in making the rules of road safety implemented in every part of the country and help the government in reducing the rate of accidents and which should provide various new invented measures which could be implemented and will be helpful in decreasing the rate of accidents, the government should take these type of ideas.There is very sharp division on the speed breakers which are situated on the highways could be placed with the forewarning boards and properly colored which could be seen from a distance but the travelers feel that speed breakers are not necessary on the highways but the villagers which understands the necessity of the breakers for their safety from the fast running vehicles. So these ways we have seen the division of mentality. There should be jurisdictional restriction on speed limit of different types of vehicle which are running like anything on the roads or highways resulting into very bad accidents.There should be some technically installment of the limit of speed which could be set accordingly to the traffic running at that place. The criteria of providing license should be made harsher which could only give chance to the perfect drivers which could provide a better chance of decreasing the accident rate. There should be various level of testing the driving of an individual which result in total inspection of the people that how much they know and is it safer to give them license to drive vehicle. The Non-Governing Organizations (NGOs) should come in front to put extra effort on the safety measures being introduced by the government.There are mechanical failures which could occur in vehicle apart from it there are mainly driver's fault which could result in severe massive accidents resulting into loss of many lives with them. Nowadays people are consuming alcohol and driving vehicle which could result into serious accident so the policy should be made to check the a lcohol consumption which should not be found more than a standard level as set by the government. There are cops which are posted at some place on the highways to check for these types of faults with breath taking machines which indicates if there is overconsumption of alcohol.Sometimes there are accidents which occur due to improper sign boards being placed on the roads. The proper planning of city could make a city free from accident which can be made by taking such types of protective measures such as sidewalks should be made to avoid walking on the roads which could decrease in the road hitting cases in the city, the crossing which is made should be made more uplifted to save pedestrian, there should be the facility for separate lanes for the two wheeler, three wheeler vehicles which can travel in only one row to avoid the risk of accidents.The activities like talking on cell phone, listening to music while driving should be avoided by an individual by themselves which could ser iously harm their lives and is termed as very dangerous. The government should walk through every rural and urban area to educate the people and launch campaign at very big level to involve as many people as it can so that more and more people are being introduced to the new technologies which are rapidly being involved in the traffic rules.There should be collaboration which could be made with other countries to improve the conditions which is at present, more and more conferences should be organized within country to establish a base of road safety and there should be exchange of information and ideas between different people having different mindset which could help in building more ideas regarding safety of the people of the country. The road design is also sometimes responsible for the accidents which should be made properly.In some researches it has been shown that proper design and maintenance, with well designed intersections, proper installation of traffic control devices c ould make significant improvement in the rates of accidents. There should be no mechanical default in the vehicle which is actually 5% of the accidents which take place but there should adequate measures which should be taken by individual like proper wearing of seatbelts, time to time service of the vehicle to avoid any risk during long run and other measures which should be taken by the drivers to drive safely on the highways which is the place of aving maximum risk of accident. The driver which is driving a car should be well educated enough to identify the roadside signboards to minimize human error so that risk of accident from human side decreases as low it can be. Conclusion- The car accidents are taking place at frequent rate in the country like United Arab of Emirate where number of highway are more which increases the rate of accident, the protective measure should be taken by an individual while driving a vehicle which has been introduced in above points.There are various policies which are introduced by the government to decrease the alarming situation of the rate of accidents occurring in UAE. There are stats which are shocking about the deaths of the people occurred during the accidents, these can only be improved when there is an initialization from every person of the nation and if full support is achieved by the government of the country then there are chances to calm down the temperature of the rate of accident occurring at highway. Read more:  http://www. businessteacher. org. uk/free-management-essays/road-accident. php#ixzz2OL0YNSNs

My Most Memorable Event in School Essays

My Most Memorable Event in School Essays My Most Memorable Event in School Paper My Most Memorable Event in School Paper Essay Topic: 7th Grade 8th Grade Middle School My most memorable event in school I emigrated from Taiwan to the U. S. when I was 7th grade to receive a better education. I was enrolled into Montserrat middle school when I migrated. Although I thought that My English level was good and fluent enough at the time; I got placed in an ELD (English Language Development) class. I soon earned my teacher’s (Ms. Kuwait) trust and validation in class. My most memorable event in school is the first day of my ELD class. I and my guardian went to registration for middle school during the summer. The receptionist asked me all kinds of question to know where my level of education is. The receptionist also told us that there was no guarantee that I am going to be admitted into the school since more people are registering that the number of people allowed to be entering the school. My other option is to try to be enrolled into Morrill middle school, but both of my guardians said the other school is a place where most of the Mexicans and drug dealers are and they are worried that students in the school will influence me. As soon as I heard their comment about Morrill middle, I begin to worry about my future. The era of anxiety ended when my schedule at Sierramont got mailed home. The first day of school in a unfamiliar environment is always the scariest and one of the most exciting school day. Meeting new classmates, new teachers and getting to know more about the school is all part of this new school year. As I get seated in the ELD classroom, Ms. Kuawada started to introduce new students to the class and started an activity in which students have to know about each other. During the activity, I discovered that some of the classmates are people who came from Taiwan and I became friends with them. Ms Kuawada also gave us a test to see what our English level is, as oon as I finished the test, I found out that my English level is not as good as what I have expected. I am so glad that I joined the ELD class since it has helped me a lot in English and I recommend this class to people who have problems with English. As a result of ELD I got transferred into a regular class when I was 8th grade. I also learned more about the history, vocabulary of English. I have l earned a valuable lesson that whatever you think about yourself it might not always be true in some cases. I have also learned that even some basic knowledge will assist you to a higher level of education.

Utterance Definition and Examples in English

Utterance Definition and Examples in English In linguistics, an utterance is a unit of speech. In phonetic terms, an utterance is a stretch of spoken language that is preceded by silence and followed by silence or a change of speaker. (Phonemes, morphemes, and words are all considered segments of the stream of speech sounds that constitute an utterance.) In orthographic terms, an utterance is a  syntactic unit that begins with a capital letter and ends in a period, question mark, or exclamation point. EtymologyFrom the Middle English, outward, make known Examples and Observations [T]he word utterance . . . can refer to the product of a verbal act, rather than to the verbal act itself. For instance, the words Would you please be quiet?, spoken with a polite rising intonation, might be described as a sentence, or as a question, or as a request.  However, it is convenient to reserve terms like sentence and question for grammatical entities derived from the language system, and to reserve  the term utterance  for instances of such entities, identified by their use in a particular situation.(Geoffrey N. Leech,  Principles of Pragmatics,  1983. Routledge, 2014)Utterances and Sentences-  We use the term utterance to refer to complete communicative units, which may consist of single words, phrases, clauses and clause combinations spoken in context, in contrast to the term sentence, which we reserve for units consisting of at least one main clause and any accompanying subordinate clauses, and marked by punctuation (capital letters and full stops) in writin g.(Ronald Carter and Michael McCarthy, Cambridge Grammar of English. Cambridge University Press, 2006)- An utterance can take sentence form, but not every sentence is an utterance. An utterance is identifiable by a pause, a relinquishing of the floor, a change of speaker; that the first speaker stops indicates that the utterance is, temporarily, complete and awaits, invites a response.(Barbara Green, Experiential Learning.  Bakhtin and Genre Theory in Biblical Studies, ed. by  Roland Boer. Society of Biblical Literature, 2007) For I have neither wit, nor words, nor worth,Action, nor utterance, nor the power of speech,To stir mens blood: I only speak right on.(Mark Antony in William Shakespeares Julius Caesar, Act 3, scene 2)Intentionality[T]he problem of meaning can be posed as follows: How does the mind impose Intentionality on entities that are not intrinsically Intentional, on entities such as sounds and marks that are, construed in one way, just physical phenomena in the world like any other? An utterance can have Intentionality, just as a belief has Intentionality, but whereas the Intentionality of the belief is intrinsic the Intentionality of the utterance is derived. The question then is: How does it derive its Intentionality?(John R. Searle, Intentionality: An Essay in the Philosophy of Mind. Cambridge University. Press, 1983)The Lighter Side of Utterances: Kate Beckett: Um, do you know how you talk in your sleep sometimes?Richard Castle: Oh yeah.Kate Beckett: Well, last night you said a name.Richa rd Castle: Ooh.  And not your name, I assume.Kate Beckett: No.Richard Castle: Well, I wouldnt read anything into one random utterance.Kate Beckett: Fourteen utterances, and the name was Jordan. You said it over and over again. Whos Jordan?Richard Castle: I have no idea.Kate Beckett: Is it a woman?Richard Castle: No! Its nothing.Kate Beckett: Castle, I know nothing. Nothing is a dear friend of mine and this is not nothing.Richard Castle: Yes, it is. Besides, most of what I say is meaningless. Why would it be any different when Im asleep?(Stana Katic and Nathan Fillon, The Wild Rover. Castle, 2013)

Hantavirus Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Hantavirus - Essay Example The N protein that introduces the virus into the cytoplasm of the healthy human cell (Mir, 2010). The N protein of the virus associates itself with the L protein of the human host and produce â€Å"capped primers† or nucleocapsids, which can initiate transcription of the viral mRNAs upon invasion of the healthy human cell. Meanwhile, the glycoproteins G1 and G2 are transported to the Golgi bodies from the ER. Once the nucleocapsids interact with the glycoproteins, hantavirions are formed and are released out of the cell through exocytosis (â€Å"Virology,† CDC, 2011). Once the virions are out of the plasma membrane, the symptoms of HFRS or HPS begin showing. The replication of the hantavirus occurs in the macrophages and vascular endothelial cells of the human lungs and kidneys (Muranyi et al., 2005). However, symptoms do not show until the replication process of a particular number of virions are finished and until these virions are released out of the plasma membrane to infect other cells. The endothelial cells of the lungs and kidneys are the main target cells of the virus. The endothelial cells are responsible for various physiologic functions of the body such as the regulation of edema, vascular repair and gas exchange (Mackow & Gavrilovskaya, 2009). Therefore, it simply follows that someone who is infected with hantavirus will have problems with these physiologic functions. The young man in the case study exhibited shortness of breath and labored and rapid breathing because the hantavirus has already invaded the endothelial cells of his lungs, which are responsible for gas exchange. Thus, the physiological ability of his lungs to handle gas exchange is impaired. According to Mir (2010), the hantavirus also infects mature and immature dendritic cells. Dendritic cells are actually responsible for capturing antigens and inducing a primary immune response among T lymphocytes (Wieder, 2003). However, the hantavirus uses

Business And Ethical Decision Making Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Business And Ethical Decision Making - Essay Example Secondly, another branch of decision making includes ethical decision making. Philosophers have found it hard to give a standard definition for ethical decision making. Ethics on its own refers to the moral code of conduct based on social values (Nelson & Quick, 2008). When linked with decision making, scholars define it as the process of choosing one option over all other alternatives about legal and moral concepts acceptable to the larger community (Johns, 1991). Ethical relativism (self-interest), which states that making ethical choices depends on an individual’s customs, values, and held religious beliefs. In general decision making, a leader should make decision based on the values and beliefs of the firm. Utilitarianism (benefit) refers to the advantages of a decision. The moral strength and efficiency of a choice depends on its positive results. Leaders make decision based on the advantages they gain out of those choices. Universalism- A sound choice needs to apply to all people inclusive of the diverse races and religions. A universal decision should apply to everyone without any discrimination. Mangers in an institution ought to come up with decisions, which accommodate everyone concerned including the public. Rights- while developing decisions, one needs to engage the rights and freedoms of people. In overall decision making, a manager needs to include the rights and freedoms of every employee working in the organisation. The principles above provide a set of guidelines, which draw a path for individuals while making personal and professional decisions. They have also assisted in guiding the DHL Company over the years enabling it to maintain its position in the market and to give it international competitive edge. The company deals with many people around the world, therefore, principles such as justice, rights, and universalism apply in its moral decision making. It assists in the evaluation of personal and managerial skills. The decision

Decision Support Paper Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Decision Support Paper - Case Study Example sector corporations postulate that organizations are expected to recruit more seasoned and professional managers in the coming decade or so (Schlegelmilch and Thomas, 2011). Therefore, in terms of understanding cross-industry patterns and the changing dynamics of the business environment which have largely been prompted by globalization, business schools are advised to remain competent and reevaluate their perspectives regarding the potentially modified role of the MBA with respect to the new context rather than discarding the graduate degree or considering probable replacements for the same. As noted by Sclegelmilch and Thomas (2011), the demand for MBAs is expected to demonstrate its presence till an expected period of 2020 and possibly beyond this timeframe. Nonetheless, the integration of innovation is required as a part of restoring the contemporary MBA curriculum and model thereby, tailoring the degree to suit the requirements of drastically changing firms across the globe (Datar, Garvin and Cullen, 2011). The Board of Regents is recommended to follow a comprehensive course of action plan to determine the current trends and patterns in cross-industry recruitment drives, potential training firms for graduates and the scope of career development in the post-graduation phase. The research conducted by Hussey (2012) asserts that increasing returns against an MBA degree can be derived by assessing the extent to which gained or accumulated skills are valuable to the market for labor or how these skills can be associated with the gaps in the market for labor. The application of proposed quantitative analysis methodologies to draw objective, valid and representative conclusions is rooted in focusing upon empirical research and identifying separate trends with regard to each significant facet of consideration. Henceforth, this report proposes that the adoption of any suitable recommendation should be approved on the basis of evaluating student enrollment records

Aristotle vs Plato Essay Example for Free

Aristotle vs Plato Essay Two of the greatest and earliest thinkers of our time are Plato, and his most famous pupil, Aristotle. Soon after Plato’s teachings, Aristotle criticized his claims and independently became a thinker on his own. These philosophers viewed metaphysics differently, and they approached the idea of reality in two opposing ways. Plato’s Theory of Forms was a concept that was defined in a different way by Aristotle. They both believed in â€Å"forms† but approached this idea differently. Plato felt that there are two different levels of reality compared to Aristotle who felt that there was only one level of reality. Plato’s way of thinking always came from ideas from within that were applied to the outside world as opposed to Aristotle whose ideas came from the outside world and then were applied within. These contrast ideas were a result in Aristotle believing that there is one level of reality. He believed that there was only one world, and that forms existed in particular things. Aristotle felt that everything was matter, and certain kinds of matter were composed into different things. He believed that form did not have a separate existence, but existed in matter. Plato, however, believed that there were two levels of reality. Physical and mental were two different things in his eyes. Physical is what is real and you can see and/or touch, and mental is what seems to be real but cannot be seen such as air. Plato believed that there are â€Å"two worlds† and that everything real has a form but does not symbolize that form. Aristotle’s and Plato’s views on forms were very different. Plato saw â€Å"forms† as descriptions and something like adjectives and it could be applied to more than one thing. If something was â€Å"delicious,† there was something else that was also â€Å"delicious† but they were not the same thing. These descriptions are real but are not physical matter. Aristotle, however, saw reality as having four causes: matter (what it is made up of), essence (what it is), producer (what caused it), and purpose (what it is used for). Plato stated that the realm of being exist separately from the divine realm where the â€Å"forms† portrayed in the things of this world. He explains that the people have knowledge of these â€Å"forms† because the soul is immortal and this received knowledge are actually faint and faded memories that this world shadows from the other world. The soul has absolute knowledge from the other realm. Aristotle stated that the being of any specific thing consists of matter and form. These forms were not to be found anywhere except for the in the substance of that certain thing. Aristotle makes it clear that the essence of something is what makes it what it is, and the soul cannot leave the body. Everything has matter and form, with the exception of God. Plato and Aristotle were two great thinkers that both believed in â€Å"forms,† but approached this idea in two different manners. Plato believed in a dualistic reality – physical and mental. He applied inner views to the outside world. His view on metaphysics consists of two realms to our reality. One being the realm of changing then becoming, and the other being a realm with set beings. On the other hand, Aristotle viewed things the other way. He applied outer views to inner self. In his mind, there is only one level to our reality and that forms are found only within specific things, that of which both have form and matter. Even though I understand what these philosophers are saying, I am confused as to how they believe the world works. How can there be two parts to reality? I think that physical and mental things exist together in one world – this world. Everything has matter solids, liquids, and gases are the three different forms. â€Å"Forms† are adjectives. If something is round, that is its quality. Its form is what it is, for example a round table. My way of thinking resembles Aristotle’s more but not completely. The four causes can be applied to almost everything. But what is emotion made up of? What is emotion? What causes emotion? And what is emotion used for? Even though emotions are things, they do not have physical matter. It exists, but it cannot be seen. Both Plato and Aristotle have confusing views on our reality, and I believe that Aristotle explains the truth of it more clearly. However, I do not think either of them is right in explaining the actuality of our reality. Plato believed that we should view our world more as spiritual than physical. Aristotle thought the same thing, except that forms are within the objects we see. How can our world be viewed as spiritual? Does that mean that we just see imaginary things? Does our world even actually exist? Is it a dream that things are real? When Plato applies inner views on the outer world, doesn’t that mean he is being close-minded? Writing this paper has cleared things up a little bit for me, however, I still find it to be confusing. I believe the world just is. The Big Bang theory makes sense, and everything evolved. I do not think there is more to the picture than the fact that we just are. Everything is real, whether it can be seen, heard, smelled, touched, or tasted.

The Modeling of Salt Water Intrusion Essay -- Encroachment Science Ess

The Modeling of Salt Water Intrusion What is Salt Water Intrusion? Salt water intrusion, or encroachment, is defined by Freeze and Cherry (1979) as the migration of salt water into fresh water aquifers under the influence of groundwater development. Salt water intrusion becomes a problem in coastal areas where fresh water aquifers are hydraulically connected with seawater. When large amounts of fresh water are withdrawn from these aquifers, hydraulic gradients encourage the flow of seawater toward the pumped well or wells. Salt water intrusion is a problem that affects coastal areas around the world. Groundwater Problems in Coastal Areas (Custodio, 1987) is an excellent reference for more information on global salt water intrusion problems, while Atkinson (1986) details salt water intrusion problems for the coastal areas of the United States. Why is it a Problem? The encroachment of salt water into fresh water supplies has become cause for concern within the last century as populations in coastal areas have risen sharply and placed greater demands on fresh groundwater reserves. Salt water intrusion causes many problems in these areas, perhaps the most severe being the limitation of potable drinking water. Drinking water standards established by the EPA in 1962 require that drinking water contain no more than 500 mg/L of total suspended solids (TSS), a common measure of salinity (Atkinson, 1986). Seawater contains approximately 30000 mg/L of TSS. Therefore, it is evident that even a small amount of seawater can cause drinking water problems when mixed with fresh water reserves. Also, salinity in irrigation water can be detrimental to agriculture, reducing yields and killing crops with low tolerances to salt. In some... ...t Modeling of the Flow Through Porous Media". OWRT-C-4026(9006)(4). Office of Water Resources and Technology, U.S. Dept. of the Interior. Washington, DC. March, 1975. Christensen, B.A., "Mathematical Methods for Analysis of Fresh Water Lenses in the Coastal Zones of the Floridian Aquifer". OWRT-A-032-FLA(1). Office of Water Research and Technology. U.S. Dept. of the Interior. Washington, DC. Custodio, E., and Llamas, M.R. Hidrologia Subterranea. Ed. Omega, Barcelona. 1976. Custodio, E. (prepared by). Groundwater Problems in Coastal Areas. A contribution to the International Hydrological Programme. 1987. Freeze, R. A. and J. A. Cherry. Groundwater. Prentice Hall, Inc. 1979. Jenkins, S. R. and R. K. Moore. "Effect of Saltwater Intrusion on Soil Erodibility of Alabama Marshlands". Water Resources Research Institute, Auburn University, Auburn, Al. 1984.

Company Layoff

Historically, layoff is often associated with bad publications for companies performing it. Furthermore, there are various other negative effects that are associated with the application of layoffs. Sometimes, layoff is the only way that the company must perform, in the sense that managers of the company have no other solution to cope with problems of the company. Despite the comments of observers and researches revealing the bad effects of massive layoffs, company layoff still becomes a part of modern companies’ daily lives.Concerning the issue, this paper will review articles about layoff and several important factors. The review aims at creating a simple conclusion regarding the practice of layoffs and their tendencies. Afterwards, the paper will use one of the latest layoff policies to justify the conclusion and also to evaluate the layoff within a company. The focus of the paper is to describe the effects of company layoffs and present a practical example of the conclusio n.Company LayoffDefinitionBy definition, layoff refers to a termination of employment of an employee or group of employees due to unfavorable business situation. The term is common in the business environment and does not often generate uneasiness.However, mass layoffs often become the source of debacle and confrontation in the workplaces. Firing employees in individual manner does not generally raise too much problem because they generally contain justified reasons of why the employees’ employment must be terminated.In addition, mass layoffs often generate trouble due to the fact that mass layoffs are performed solely due to economic reasons. In other words, employees being laid off could have performed no mistake in hi/her job that deserves the termination of employment. Within this paper, the discussion is focused more on mass layoffs rather than individual layoffs (Layoffs, nd.).Why Layoff  Researchers identify two reasons concerning layoffs. The first category relates to the internal condition of the company in which layoffs are performed. Companies perform layoff because of profitability reasons. The goal of performing mass layoff is to reduce the labor cost of the company. This is true since in most manufacturing companies, labor costs become significant parts of the operational costs of the company. Therefore, reducing the labor cost without hurting revenues could mean enhanced profitability (Layoffs, nd.).However, some layoffs occur because management believes that revenues in future periods will go down. This could be the result of enhanced competition, problems with corporate supply chain, changes in managerial structure, etc. In order to maintain profit, management often decides to cut labor costs (Layoffs, nd.).Another reason of performing mass layoffs is external reasons. A downturn in macroeconomic conditions could result in financial problems for most companies. This macroeconomic downturn could have effects limited to certain industri es or could happen nationally. In order to cope with such problem, companies could decide to cut labor costs and saves some level of profitability. This type of mass layoffs generally costs less debacles because ’everyone is going through the same problem’ at the time. However, there are also records that macroeconomic downturn and mass layoffs in some countries result in widespread class actions and public protests.General Effects of Layoffs  Layoffs are often performed as the last solution. In other words, layoffs are seen as the last solution to save a company from a terrible fall. Nevertheless, the fact often denies that premise. Layoffs often decrease corporate value rather than enhance it. Researchers state that this is due to the poor tendency of managers and business owners to look only to the financial aspect of the layoffs. In other words, they often neglect the intrinsic effect of the layoffs. The financial aspects of layoffs are generally easy to calculat e, however, managers generally fail to assess the value generated by employees that must be laid-off. Thus, managers could well be loosing more value from the layoff compare to the financial savings they gain from the process (Hymowitz, 2007).Another bad effect of layoffs generally comes from the layoff that influence working environment. Layoffs often reduce employees’ motivation. Surviving employees generally becomes more wary and possess the feeling of unsafe which reduces the working performance of employees. Moreover, the feeling of unsafe could generate the decision to seek for new jobs rather than waiting with uncertainties (Hymowitz, 2007).How to Make the Best LayoffsLayoffs are generally correlated to bad business. The term generates negative atmosphere for most people in the working environment. Therefore, business owners and managers generally place layoff decisions as a last resort rather than a preferable alternative. Some alternatives to layoffs are: establishin g a hiring freeze, relocate employees to other sections or departments, cutting managerial and administrative salaries, shortening the work week, offering early retirements, etc. However, if layoffs are imminent, there are some activities that could reduce the negative effect of mass layoffs (Sullivan, 2001).The first step in making the best of corporate layoffs is planning the layoff strategy. This includes identification of common problems that could happen during layoffs. Managers of the company are suggested to perform researches and benchmarking to the best practice of company layoffs. Identification and evaluation of all alternatives to layoffs must be performed prior to deciding any layoff decisions. Planning the layoff strategy also involves preparing the budget for layoffs, notifying everyone involves and affected by the layoffs, etc.The second step of managing layoff is making sure that we involved all the people that should be involved in the layoff decision, like CFOâ₠¬â„¢s, HR officers, the corporate attorney, senior managers, etc. The company must them select a layoff expert, this person is responsible for the layoff process and to educate others on how to perform effective layoffs. In addition, the worker’s union must be involved within the process. Lack of educating the union leaders about the necessity of the layoffs could mean failure in performing effective and successful layoffs (Sullivan, 2001).The third step is managing the process carefully, this includes the preparation of a worst case scenario and socialization of involve people, setting the layoff criteria and maintain the credibility of the criteria during the process, identification of top performers, the people that the company cannot afford to loose and protecting them, etc (Sullivan, 2001).RadioShackRadioShack Corporation is a chain of electronic retail stores in the United States, Europe, Central America and South America. The company has 6,000 stores in USA and has rep orted sales of $ 4.6 billion in 2006. In August 10, 2006, the company announces the layoff of 400 to 450 employees at the company headquarters. Company officials assert this action is necessary to reduce company’s overhead expense and enhance competitive position in the marketplace in the long term. The action is also decided to support small number of stores having financial trouble. In the company headquarters, 1 out of 5 positions are eliminated which affected employees of all levels in RadioShack.The layoff decision by the company is widely understood by many observers; however, the layoff generates significant controversy because of the manner in which the layoffs are performed. The 400 employees are notified of the layoff 10 days in advance of the actual layoff. Email notification was delivered to employees who were terminated. In August 10, 2006, employees were sent the emails and they were given 30 minutes to pack up and say goodbye to co-workers and then meet their s enior supervisors. After the meeting, a larger meeting was held to deliver the employees with their benefit packages and ask their questions.This manner of layoffs generates a widespread public attention. Many state that they have never seen such amount of employees laid off by emails. According to the general practice of corporate conduct, this demonstrates the lack of sensitivity by corporate management. The company has performed various efforts to delete reportage of this incident. According to some observers, this is one of the worst practices of corporate layoff in the history of corporate social responsibility. There are many articles that respond with cynicism in reaction of the poor methods of firing people who have been contributing to the company’s success, some even for many years.I believe that the company will not obtain the value they aim for when they decided to perform this layoff decision. As discussed above, there should be various measures to face the negat ive effects of layoffs to employee morale. Insensitive behaviors like one performed by RadioShack will significantly hurt employee morale and their respect to the managers of the company. In result, working productivity could be seriously affected.BibliographyHymowitz. Carol. 2007. ‘Why Layoffs Could Cost More Than They’. CareerJournal. Retrieved March 24, 2007 from http://www.careerjournaleurope.com/columnists/inthelead/20010725-inthelead.html‘RadioShack lays off employees via e-mail’. 2006. USATODAY. Retrieved March 24, 2007 from http://www.usatoday.com/tech/news/2006-08-30-radioshack-email-layoffs_x.htmSave‘Layoffs Common but Still a Company’s Last Resort’. N.d. Jobwerx. Retrieved March 24, 2007 from http://www.jobwerx.com/HR/layoffs_common.htmlSlaggle, Matt, 2006. ‘RadioShack to offer free online training’. USA TODAYRetrieved   March 24, 2007 frrom http://www.usatoday.com/tech/news/2006-10-18-radio-shack-classes_x.htmS ullivan, John. 2001. ‘Key Steps in Effective Layoffs’. ERE.net. Retrieved March 24, 2007 from http://www.ere.net/articles/default.asp?d=H&CID={B6BCB155-2D2F-4C2E-82EC-CB33C6D1E3F9}